Thick, stiff and highly glossy, the rectangular evergreen leaves are alternate, simple and bear 3 long sharp spines at the apex and one pair at the base. Some leaves may bear an extra pair of spines near their middle. The 1 1/2 - 4" leaves are short-stalked, distinctly curved from the base to the apex and are dark green in color. Most leaves are yellow-green on the underside, and older leaves tend to be less spiny.
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